This is England Essay Example for Free

This is England Essay †This is England† is about a 12-year-old boy named Shaun. He lives in England and is bullied in/at school. He lives alone with his mother because his dad died in war. One day he meets a group of skinheads who wants him to join their group. Even though Shaun is young, he is not afraid of the skinheads. He joins the group and quickly becomes their favorite member. Shaun has probably been forced to act older than he is, because of his dads’ early death. In the movie he makes out with an older girl, goes to skinhead meetings, and joins the nationalists, which all is unusual for such a young boy. He easily gets influenced by the apparent friendliness from the group. Woody is the leader of the skinhead group. He is the one who welcomes Shaun and teaches him how to be a real skinhead. In the beginning he is a role model to Shaun and he helps him to deal with his problems. Woody’s girlfriend Lol helps him too. She cuts his hair, and is being really nice to him. Woody and Lol are like a substitute father and mother to him. Finally Shaun has a sense of belonging somewhere. â€Å"The skinheads† is a group of people who really care about him. Especially when he meets Smell, he finds out what it feels like to be in love. Milky is another member of the group. He is the only black person and when Combo shows up that causes him troubles. Combo is a skinhead too, who has been to prison for the last couple of years. He has now returned, and wants the other members of the group to join the nationalist movement and protest against the war. Combo has some racist views, and when he starts talking bad about the blacks no one in the group stands up for Milky. The group split up, and Shaun chooses to join Combo’s group together with 3 others. Combo is now his new role model, and he uses the death of Shaun’s father to convince him that what they are doing is right. Shaun is manipulated and cannot see how far out he is before it is too late. They rob a little store, threaten people and paint graffiti. One day Combo and Milky smokes crack, and suddenly Combo burst out with anger and starts hitting Milky. He gets badly wounded and is taken to hospital. Shaun realizes that what they are doing is wrong. He talks to his mother about how they both miss his father. He throws out the Union Jack flag which Combo has given him, which is a symbol of the facts that he is now done with the skinheads. Somehow, the whole thing has helped Shaun to deal with his grieve. Even though he misses his dad, he finds out that there is more in life than taking revenge. He steps of the illegal path he has been following and decides to become a proper person. His intention was never to hurt anyone, because he knows what it feels like to be hurt. A chapter of his life is over and done with, and a brand new one is about to be written.

Lender Liability and the Duty of Good Faith :: essays research papers

Lender Liability and the Duty of Good Faith I.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Introduction From time to time, lenders and their attorneys announce that lender liability is no longer an issue with which the lending community needs to be concerned. What usually prompts this proclamation of the death of lender liability is a recent case in which a court has summarily rejected a borrower’s claim that the lender violated the duty of good faith and fair dealing. Many courts have rejected borrowers’ lawsuits which are based on allegations of the violation of the lender’s duty of good faith. Nevertheless, lender liability should continue to be an area of concern to lenders. Although courts often dismiss cases based on a borrower’s claims of lender bad faith, in other cases courts find that lenders have indeed engaged in conduct that constitutes bad faith. Most courts carefully examine the unique facts of each case, consider the testimony of experts, and listen to the ever-inventive arguments of counsel. A loan agreement, like every other contract governed by the Uniform Commercial Code (the â€Å"U.C.C.†), imposes on both the borrower and the lender â€Å"an obligation of good faith in its performance or enforcement.† This simple good faith performance obligation may appear to be an uncontroversial codification of a basic, minimal standard of human behavior. It is proving, however, to be problematic to commercial lenders. Some courts have been quick to hold that, under certain circumstances, a lender, which believed it was merely exercising its contractual rights, nevertheless may have breached the duty of good faith performance obligation. For example, in 1985 the Sixth Circuit, invoking the good faith performance obligation, affirmed a jury verdict awarding $7,500,000 to a borrower whose lender refused to advance funds under a loan agreement, which specifically and unequivocally permitted the lender to exercise sole and absolute discretion to refuse to advance additional funds. The Alaska Supreme Court, likewise invoking the good faith performance obligation, held that a borrower could recover both actual and punitive damages from a lender who had taken possession of collateral without notice, notwithstanding the unambiguous terms of the loan and security agreement authorizing such repossession. On the other hand, many courts have abandoned the imposition of good faith obligations on the lender beyond what is set forth in certain loan agreements. In 1987, the Bankruptcy Court for the District of Massachusetts held that the holder of a demand note does not need a good faith reason or any reason at all to demand payment.

Military Strategies of of the I.R.A. During the Anglo Irish War of Independence, 1919-21 Essay

At the outbreak of hostilities it was apparent that the I. R. A. could not hope to win a traditional stand up military fight against a modern, well equipped army with the financial backing of The British Empire. In order to engage the crown forces in a guerrilla war, weapons and ammunition were required in large numbers. General Head Quarters (G. H. Q. ) authorized smuggling operations and had sent volunteers abroad to procure arms. G. H. Q. sold arms to the individual units, many of which were hampered in their operational status due to lack of funding to purchase weapons and ammunition. As the war progressed many Royal Irish Constabulary (R. I. C. ) barracks and the Crowns Tax Offices were attacked and burned. GHQ issued a general raid order in September of 1920. The primary objective the Volunteers attacks on isolated R. I. C. barracks were to obtain arms and ammunition. Many of these barracks were poorly defended and usually consisted of terraced houses. In order to disrupt the governance of rural areas, tax offices were targeted. These targets allowed collection of funds from the local populace that were to be appropriated to the Crown. These tactics were adopted by many units when news of the initial successes of these barracks and tax office attacks filtered out, throughout the country. The volunteers embarked on a campaign of Intimidation of R. I. C men and their families, and members of the general public who supported the crown forces, many of which were shot. This tactic was extremely effective at reducing the morale of the R. I. C. Recruitment dropped and resignations increased in the organization The R. I. C. retreated to larger towns after it was decided to evacuate may rural barracks. This tactic led to large parts of rural Ireland becoming ungovernable. This allowed the Dail to implement their much heralded Courts System, collect taxes and implement civil control. Most units at the start of the war appeared to act independently without central command control. Attacks on Crown Forces were sporadic in nature and were badly planned. Inexperience of many of the men in these units led to many failed operations Many units operations amounted to sabotage by digging trenches in roads, de-railing trains, cutting of communications lines, snipping at barracks and personnel. Even the most poorly equipped and inactive units could engage in many of these tactics. The effectiveness of military actions conducted varied widely accordingly to geographic location. Areas like South Tipperary, East Limerick and Cork were particularly active, while areas such as Wexford, Mayo and Waterford had low turnout and low activity. Cite. Meeting and Drilling after the day’s work was done, amounted to the extent of some volunteers actions for the duration of the war cite The willingness of volunteers to risk their safety was also another factor which hindered operations in many units. Volunteers who possessed weapons especially rifles were usually picked to partake in operations over volunteers who did not. The men who possessed guns gained experience on active operations and were given higher status within units. In many areas this led to a cycle of a select group of men getting more and more experience on active service, while men who had no weapons remained inactive were not gaining any such experience. To alleviate this some units introduced rotational systems were guns and ammunition were stored in a central weapons dump. Access to weapons dumps could only be gotten after permission from the units Quarter Master was given. Activity of units depended largely on the membership and the professionalism of their commanding officers. Traditionally commanding officers were elected and appointed by their members. Electoral decisions appeared to be based on the social standing of the officers, family traditions and whether the men liked them or not. Many units were hampered in their operations as officers would not authorize actions as they feared for their own safety or were incompetent in planning and action. To instil discipline and a sense of military professionalism G. H. Q. sent organizers out to instruct and train these officers and units that they commanded. Training camps were set up to properly instruct officers and volunteers. The military discipline in these camps was strictly enforced and the training was particularly gruelling. When men returned to their units, they were expected to instil similar discipline within the rank and file. Discipline was to be rigorously introduced by commanding officers and military punishment meted out for infractions. Formal reporting structures were introduced and all commanders were expected to submit reports to the central authority of G. H. Q. on a regular basis. These reports were analysed by G. H. Q. and orders were issued to individual units. This strategy led to a more centralized planning and intelligence apparatus. Ultimately G. H. Q. decided to set up divisions with respective commanders, in attempt to coordinate the activities of the volunteers within bordering brigade areas. These attempts at introducing a modern military structure into the different units were mostly successful, although highly active units such as South Tipperary maintained a more independent existence until the end of the war. Initially the volunteers had a very high tolerance to violence and did not want to be involved in operations that led to murder. This tolerance was eroded of the course of the war as reprisals by the crown forces, led to many civilian atrocities throughout the country. As the casualties list rose, public opinion turned against the British Government. This was galvanized by reports that started to appear in newspapers internationally and in London G. H. Q. published the details of many of these reprisals in their publication their political journal t-Oglach. The publications also included details of military tactics and so also functioned as a training manual for the volunteers. After the introduction of The Restoration of Order Act in August 1920 the and the introduction of martial law in the South in 1921, attacks and reprisals against the civilian population increased. The arrival of the much hated quais military/police forces which later became known as the Black and Tans in March 1920 and the Axillaries the following July exasperated the situation and led to increased militancy in the volunteer force and the general population. Support for the volunteers steadily grew and the general population assisted them with funds, safe houses and intelligence. As a result of police crackdowns and further arrests of suspected volunteers, the continued raids on civilian houses, many volunteers went on the run. By mid 1921 there were over 4,000 suspects interned. Many men who were on the run went on to form the celebrated flying columns. These columns consisted of 20 highly armed men, who would attack patrols by laying ambushes on roads, and then melting back into the countryside. Tom Barry was commanding officer of the 3rd (West) Cork Brigade, which was a particularly effective flying column. They were responsible for many successful attacks on military personnel. On 28th of Nov. 1920 they wiped out an Auxiliary regiment in Kilmicheal, Co. Cork killing nearly a whole platoon. In reprisals the Black and Tans burned the City of Cork on 11th of Dec. There were many other tactics used by the I. R. A. during the war, examples include targeting prominent members of the British Establishment and Intelligence for assignation, it is beyond the remit of this short essay to explore these in their entirety. The ultimate goal of these operations and tactics were to disrupt and demoralize the administration of British Rule. After Bloody Sunday the British Intelligence Network was effectively non-existent which the I. R. A. took full advantage of, by actively engaging Crown Forces in the capital while sending out their own armed patrols in select parts of the city. As we can see at the start of the war the Volunteers were a highly disorganized and poorly equipped force. Through the use of guerrilla hit and run tactics, they made the most of their limitations to disrupt and demoralize the crown forces. After G. H. Q. exerted a central command and military structure the volunteers became a more ruthless and successful in active operations. Ultimately the British Establishment appeared to have overestimated the numbers of active members and their access to weapons. If their intelligence apparatus had not been infiltrated and disrupted by the I. R. A. the Crowns military campaign may have been more effective, and they may have continued the war which would have pushed the I. R. A, to the limits of their abilities and resources. G. H. Q. played a pivotal role in forming public opinion through their domestic publication t-Oglach and releasing accounts of civilian casualties and atrocities to foreign correspondents, effectively winning the propaganda war. It is doubtful whether the isolated regional active units would have been as effective without the co-ordination and leadership of G. H. Q. The organization of operations and centralization of command by G. H. Q. , may have been the deciding factor in the War, although many units remained in a state of disarray and were badly equipped for the duration of the war. As a measure of the success and effectiveness of operations conducted, I. R. A. guerrilla tactics became a blue print for many revolutionary forces around the World.

Botulism - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 640 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/09/25 Category Advertising Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? Botulism Description Botulism is a rare but very serious paralytic illness that is caused by botulinum toxin(potentially deadly neurotoxin) which is produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. The botulinum toxin can enter the body in 3 main ways: by the ingestion of the toxin from eating foods that contain the botulism toxin (food borne botulism), by the contamination of a wound by the bacterium in which the toxin is produced (wound botulism) and Infant botulism which is caused by consuming the spores of the botulinum bacteria, which then grow in the intestines and release the toxin. The powerful exotoxin (botulinum toxin) leads to secretory diarrhea. All forms of botulism can be fatal and are therefore considered to be medical emergencies. Food borne botulism can be very dangerous because there is not a single person at risk but instead many people can be poisoned by the consumption of contaminated food. What kind of a germ is Clostridium botulinum? Clostridium botu linum is a gram positive rod shaped bacteria and is part of a group of bacteria which are commonly found in soil all over the world. These rod shaped anaerobic organisms grow best in low or absent oxygen conditions. Clostridium botulinum forms spores which provide them with the ability of surviving in a dormant state until they are exposed to conditions that support their growth. As spores they are able to survive the inhospitable conditions of the stomach in their transit to the large intestine. They are commonly found in foods such as honey though they are not usually harmful to adults. The spores that do pass to the colon and are able to germinate cannot compete with the normal microflora and do not thus cause disease. In the case of infants, however the ingested spores can germinate and grow in the colon due to the lack of development of the resident microflora. The Clostridium botulinum spores germinate and produce botulism toxin. There are seven types of botulism toxin, which are toxins A through G. However only types A, B, E (rarely F) are the most in that produce the flaccid paralysis in humans. The other types mainly cause disease in animals. Most Clostridium species produce only one type of neurotoxin. What are the symptoms of botulism? The common symptoms associated with Botulism include double vision, blurred vision, drooping eyelids, blurred vision, slurred speech, and difficulty swallowing, dry mouth and muscle weakness, vomiting, and diarrhea. After being examined by a doctor his examination may show the gag reflex and the deep tendon reflexes like the knee jerk are either decreased or even absent. Infants who have botulism may appear to be lethargic, weak, and have floppy movements due to muscle weakness and trouble controlling the head. Infants may eat poorly, become constipated, have a weak cry, poor muscle tone and difficulty sucking or feeding. Many of these symptoms are part of the muscle paralysis that is caused by the bacteri al neurotoxin. If these symptoms are untreated they may cause paralysis in the various parts of the body. The most often paralysis seen is as the descending paralysis of the arms, legs, trunk and the breathing muscles. Causes Food boune botulism takes place when you eat food containing the toxin and it disrupts nerve function, causing paralysis. The source of the food-borne botulism is often by foods that were canned or preserved at home. Many people pick fruits and vegetables from the garden in the summer months and jarred them so they can eat them during the winter months. These foods need to be cooked at very high temperatures to kill the bacteria. If not cooked at very high temperature the bacteria Clostridium botulinum can cause botulism in the people who eat the food. It is also common in canned foods that are low in acid, such as green beans, corn and beets. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Botulism" essay for you Create order

Considering The Unexpected Subordinate Case - 1030 Words

Consider the Unexpected Subordinate Case. Rebecca is in a difficult position. It could be argued that Ryan should never have been assigned to her project. It was a tough call for the project management office, which determines all assignments, to make. Ryan did have a special expertise in the functional area that the project was addressing, as did Rebecca. Rebecca and Ryan would just have to work through the pressures, emotions, and management issues that were caused by her promotion. Assuming that you were Rebecca, identify and use some of the various theories assigned for review to construct an action plan to deal with Ryan. Tie these theories directly to your plan. That is, create several specific action steps. Support each step using†¦show more content†¦These powers should be diplomatically utilized to overturn Ryan’s changed attitude. As a project manager, I would apply the following plan: 1) Thorough investigation on the personality of Ryan and makeup of the same: By examining the personality of Ryan through results of Ryan’s Myers-Briggs personality trait evaluation, the analysis can be done in a thorough manner. Being Ryan’s superior, I need to understand that Ryan thinks more than feeling; I would incorporate my requests and tasks in a rational manner and not go through the emotional way. In case this idea doesn’t work, I would go into the next stage for better outcomes for communication. 2) Facilitate counseling from Craig: Because Craig was Ryan’s former boss, he would be of a great help to guide me how to tackle Ryan and handle the situation. He can benefit me with good ideas to motivate Ryan and regain his interest in the project again. If I still not pass, I will have no option but to utilize my power for coercive and forceful means to create him complete his responsibilities as they are assigned. This use of coercive power would make me use French and Raven’s Model. 3) Call for a personal talk/interview with Ryan: Just in case, if all the above steps do not work to implement the required change in Ryan, I would try to call for a personal one-on-one interview with Ryan. As per theShow MoreRelatedWhy Managers And Performance Evaluation Process1335 Words   |  6 Pagesboth managers and subordinates have felt that performance evaluations were nothing but a huge waste of time. According to Little, the biggest problem with the performance evaluation process is that managers haven not been properly trained to conduct annual reviews (2013). Performance levels and feedback should be constantly documented and briefed to employees throughout the year. This will help reduce unwanted stress and prevent subordinates from being surprised by an unexpected rating at the endRead MoreThe Diverse Styles Of Administration Essay1501 Words   |  7 Pagesstudy I attempt investigate the diverse styles of administration depicted by distinctive directors whom I have run over amid my time in a few association through out the years and how their initiative style influence the general improvement of their subordinates. The different elements which specifically impacts ones initiative style, how the administrators need to adjust to diverse styles of authority to be a successful pioneer in an association has been examined in this study. A pioneer ought to examineRead MoreFayol s Theory Of Management Essay1570 Words   |  7 PagesMintzberg s theory of 3 management roles suggests an improved view on what managers are supposed to do. Thirsty, this essay will introduce management theories of Fayol and Mintzberg in more detail by deepening in each concept of management, as well as considering views of different authors on their ideas. Secondly, comparison of two theories will be held, which will at the same time analyse the functions and processes in describing managerial tasks. The objective of this essay is to critically analyse theRead MoreDecision-Making Essay1378 Words   |  6 Pagesalternatives to determine the course of action. Alternatives may be limited or abundant; in any case, there must be at least two options, or there is no decision, only forced choice (p.152). The commitment in the decision-making process is also a commitment of the top executives allowing flexibility and vagueness in some of the decisions made. Flexibility and vagueness is needed for the unexpected circumstances, risks and unknowns in the decision-making process. 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In the assigned case study, the nursing director is confronted with a situation where Susan, once a highly motivated and productive member of the nursing staff, has regressed to a frustrated argumentative complainer with lackluster productivity. In order to explain Susan’s unexpected change in behavior, a thorough theory b ased analysis of her behavior and complaints must be conducted. Susan’s behaviorRead MoreToxic Leadership : Toxic Leader Essay2233 Words   |  9 Pagesresearch and think of solutions to toxic leadership. A toxic leader is a leader that is self-serving, micromanages their subordinates and gives orders without supplying a purpose or inspiration for completing the task. Toxic leaders destroy the effectiveness and morale of the unit. They can be taken out of command and identified by using an evaluation system that includes their subordinates so that lower level leadership can evaluate their superior’s leadership potential. They can also learn to change howRead MoreBusiness Customs Paper - Brazil1716 Words   |  7 Pages The Portuguese respect hierarchy and the catholic religion and family play a roll in this hierarchy. In business terms, the power and authority resides with only one individual. This individual usually makes their decisions without considering their subordinates. (Kwintessential) Brazil shares not only some of t he same culture as Portugal, but also some of the same views concerning appearance and business. Concerning appearance in the business world, Brazil views three piece suits as executiveRead MoreImplementing Rich Management Practices Within An Organization2003 Words   |  9 Pagesmanagers are ought to play different roles, but the extent to which these are acquired by them at each position varies. However, an empirical study conducted by Henry Mintzberg, based on the roles of a manager in an organization during the late 1960’s considering five chief chief executives at work, suggest that they should acquire an intertwined combination of interpersonal, informational and decisional roles. This study challenged most of the concepts existed up to that date. Most people were in the dilutionRead MoreFred Maiorino Case Study2707 Words   |  11 PagesThis new system included evaluations based on product market share gains and critical incidents of effective and ineffective salesm en actions recorded during joint calls made by district managers and sales reps. Moreover, Reed began coaching his subordinates and providing them with medical journals to help improve sales pitches. Unfortunately, even after working at Schering-Plough for over three decades as a highly successful salesman, Fred was terminated over coffee with Jim Reed at a local diner

Study Analysis Breast Feeding Vs. Formula Feeding And...

Study Analysis: Breast Feeding vs. Formula Feeding and Overweight Infants Abbey Gunderson Florida Gulf Coast University Abstract The study Exclusively Breastfed Overweight Infants are at the Same Risk of Childhood Overweight as Formula Fed Overweight Infants, investigates whether exclusively breastfed overweight infants have the same risks of becoming overweight in childhood as overweight infants who are formula fed. This study found that exclusively breastfed infants who are overweight encounter the same risk of becoming overweight in childhood as infants who are overweight and formula fed. Therefore, researchers emphasize the importance of preventing overweight in infancy regardless of the feeding type (Vrijkotte, Altenburg, and Gademan, 2015). Study Analysis: Breast Feeding vs. Formula Feeding and Overweight Infants The aim of the study Exclusively Breastfed Overweight Infants are at the Same Risk of Childhood Overweight as Formula Fed Overweight Infants, is to evaluate the relationship between feeding types in infancy of overweight infants and the risks of becoming overweight in childhood. Vrijkotte, Altenburg, and Gademan, intended to clarify whether we should be concerned about overweight infants who are exclusively breastfed and whether they encounter the same risks of becoming overweight in childhood as overweight infants who are formula fed. Literature Review Research has shown that overweight children are at an increased risk for adverse health outcomes,Show MoreRelatedThe Effect Of Breastfeeding On Ovarian And Breast Cancer Risks1298 Words   |  6 Pagesshift in infant nutrition research due to increasing evidence that the role of early nutrition during this vital period of life has deep biological effects and has an important consequence both in long and short-term health (Fewtrell 2007). The research that has been done in this area offers strong evidence that human milk feeding decreases the severity and incidence of a vast range of infectious diseases (Garner 1997). There are many benefits of breastfeeding reduces the ovarian and breast cancerRead MoreBreast-Feeding Vs. Bottle Feeding Is A Very Important Decision1969 Words   |  8 PagesBreast-feeding vs. bottle feeding is a very important decision for new parents as well as a very hot topic of debate for most heath oriented communities. Most health, family and infant related communities and services such as the American Academy of Pediatrics, American Medical Association, the World Health Organization, etc. support and promote breast-feeding infants. Their suggestion urges mothers to at least breastfeed for the first few days after giving birth even if they decide to bottle feedRead More_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 Pagesto Statistics and Data Analysis This page intentionally left blank Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis Third Edition Roxy Peck California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo Chris Olsen George Washington High School, Cedar Rapids, IA Jay Devore California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo Australia †¢ Brazil †¢ Canada †¢ Mexico †¢ Singapore †¢ Spain †¢ United Kingdom †¢ United States Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis, Third Edition Roxy PeckRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesmymanagementlab is an online assessment and preparation solution for courses in Principles of Management, Human Resources, Strategy, and Organizational Behavior that helps you actively study and prepare material for class. Chapter-by-chapter activities, including built-in pretests and posttests, focus on what you need to learn and to review in order to succeed. Visit www.mymanagementlab.com to learn more. DEVELOPING MANAGEMENT SKILLS EIGHTH EDITION David A. Whetten BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY Read MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pages.............................................................................. 299 CHAPTER 10 Deductive Reasoning .......................................................................................... 312 x Implying with Certainty vs. with Probability ................................................................................ 312 Distinguishing Deduction from Induction ..................................................................................... 319 Review of Major

Marketing Principles - Hennes And Mauritz

Question: Task 1 (LO 1) a. Examine a few definitions (at least two) of marketing and explain the marketing process with example drawn from HM.b. Discuss the different kinds of marketing orientations and recommend the most suitable marketing orientation for HM. Task 2 (LO 2) a. Analyse the macro and micro environmental factors that influence the marketing decisions of HM.b. Propose a new product for HM and examine the concept of segmentation and recommend segmentation criteria and targeting strategy to be used for the newly developed product.c. Identify factors that will influence buyer behavior and propose a new positioning strategy for your organisation and its newly developed product. Task 3 (LO 3) a. Using HM as your chosen company, explain how the new product was developed to achieve sustainable competitive advantage.b. Evaluate a range of distribution methods that HM can use for the newly developed product to provide convenience to a target group of customers.c. Discuss and critically evaluate the various pricing methods used by businesses and recommend pricing strategy that HM can use for the newly developed product.d. Explain the concept of integrated marketing communication and discuss the elements of promotional mix including extended the extended marketing mix as relevant to HM's newly developed product. Task 4 (LO 4) a. Evaluate the marketing mix variables for two segments of the consumer market and discuss how different it would be for businessto-business services (B2B).b. Assuming that HM decides to enter the international market with the newly developed product, examine and discuss the differences between domestic marketing and international marketing. Answer: Introduction: The retail industries in the UK are developing its position gradually and competitor brands are emerging as well. The economic climate always posed a challenge to the changing lifestyle of the population during the economic recession. The improved economic prospects help to strengthen consumer confidence. During 2013, it was posed that the economic recession was coming to an end (The Guardian, 2015). The macro economic factors helped to improve employment level, GDP and other disposable incomes of the nation (Gronroos, 2006). In UK, the groceries dominate the retail sector (Ruddick, 2014). Tesco is the largest retailer in UK, followed by ASDA stores, Sainsbury and Morrison (BBC News, 2013). These supermarkets mainly focus on the drinks and food followed by a range of non grocery products as well. Because of the multi channel retailing availability it is possible to expand their business with wide range of products in the market. Task1a) Definition of marketing and the marketing process drawn from HM: According to AMA, Marketing can be defined as a set of activity and a process for communicating, creating, exchanging and delivering value to its clients, customers and society at large. This means that an organization can connect and communicate to the target audience to sell its products and services. This helps customers to build a strong relationship with the company as well (Pride, 2011). Dr Philip Kotler defined marketing as the art and science of exploring, creating and delivering value that can satisfy the needs of a target market for a profit. Marketing is a process that measures, defines and quantifies the size of the identified market as well (Clulow and Reimers, 2009). Marketing is a process of management that includes 4Ps: Product, Price, Promotion and Place. It is based on thinking about the business in accordance to customer preferences and their satisfaction. In marketing selling plays an important role and this mainly concerns about how to make profit out of a business transaction. Marketing Process: The marketing process starts along when a strategic plan has been formulated and evaluated. The marketing process starts immediately after this. The process of marketing begins with analyzing market opportunities, selecting the target market and to develop the marketing mix. The marketing process begins with analyzing the market opportunities. It is important to evaluate the long run opportunities as well to improve the business units performance. This kind of extensive research also helps the company to gather information about their customers and also keep a view about the environmental changes and its competitors as well. The next step is the selection of the target market. In this process the customers are delivered greater value and this allows deliberate analysis of consumers. Selection of target market includes deliberate analysis of consumers. It is important for the companies to satisfy all the consumers in a given market. It is also important to divide the total market and choose the best segments and strategies to implement them which are known as market positioning. The next step is to develop the marketing mix which is a set of controllable marketing variables that helps to bring out the response from the target market. The marketing mix consists of 4Ps which are product, price, place and promotion. An effective marketing company aligns all the 4Ps together to achieve overall objectives of the company (Kahn, 2005). The next step is to design and put into action the marketing mix that helps to achieve the overall objectives as well. The last step is the market analysis part which involves analyzing companys strength and weaknesses and also recommends other inputs to all the management functions as well. Marketing process of HM: This process develops with the marketing mix of the company. HM products are very fairly priced which is a big advantage in the UK market. Its fashion is also very trendy and updated. The company is also expanding its business in Europe as well. The company also spends a lot of money on promotional aspects including the advertising cost as well. Benetton is worlds largest fashion retailer but it could not provide latest fashion trends. This advantage was taken by HM and it attracted the young shoppers (Robson and Katsikeas, 2005). b) Different Kinds of marketing orientations and recommend suitable one for HM: Production Orientation: This means that the business should give more importance to the production of goods and services so that it leads to economies of scale by maximizing profits and reducing costs thereby. Emphasis is given on the design and quality of the products. Product Orientation: This lays emphasis to the functional features and high quality of the products. Such a company believes that if they have superior quality products then they can cater more customers. Sales Orientation: the focus is simple here that is to produce the product and sell it to the market to make profits. Market Orientation: This type of a company makes all types of businesses keeping in minds the choice and preferences of its customer. Feedback is also taken from them so that new ideas can be implemented thereof (Special issue on international marketing, strategic orientations and business success, 2010). HM mainly focused on two types of orientations: One is product orientation and the other one is market orientation. The company focused on product orientation to cater to more number of customers and design new clothes which can attract young shoppers and it is according to the latest trend .And the other one is market orientation because HM wanted to expand its business in Europe as well. Task 2 a) Analyze the macro and micro environmental factors that influence the Marketing decisions of HM. HM is a Swedish retail company who main selling point is selling fashionable items at a cheaper price. HM runs about 1800 shops today in more than 34 countries. The macro environmental factors affecting the marketing decisions of HM are: Political Legal Factors: These include areas such as taxation policy, business legislations, etc. HM is subordinated to various laws and policies because it is a public limited company. The company is also affected by International and Business law. A lot of plants are involved in the production process therefore it is difficult to adhere all international work standards as well. HM tries to fabricate their products by supplementing the working conditions as well. Child labor is also inhibited by the company and certain statutory provisions are strictly followed by HM (Jensen, 2007). Economic Factors: these include factors that help in determining purchasing power, economic growth, income distribution and industrial structure as well. The company is also influenced by the price and supply of imported goods. Socio cultural factors: HM connects to high quality of fashion with affordable prices so that it is affordable to everybody. It should update itself and adapt with the social trends as well. Technological factors: new products are being developed constantly in accordance with latest technical support to expand permanently and reach the target. Environmental factors: HM have started awareness among its employers and suppliers not to use any product and sustain ecological and social matters as well. The micro environmental factors are explained by the SWOT analysis. Strength : HM is one of the largest global fashion retailer. All the stores offer quality and trendy clothing at the same time. There are guest designers as well. Weakness: The changing macro economic condition is one of the weaknesses that the company is facing. Also buying large volume may lead to overstocking (Ratnasingam, 2006). Opportunity: HM is focusing on to the online shopping and the company is also planning to expand its business. Threat: Competitors like Zara, Forever 21 are posing threat to the company as a result the company may lose its target sample of population (gren and Ayla, 2009). B) To propose a new product for HM and examine the concept of segmentation and recommend segmentation criteria and targeting strategy to be used for the newly developed product. HM is a fashion oriented company which focuses to changing design processes. The company always focuses to meet the future needs and aspects of its target customers. With a strong design group it was proposed to HM to draw inspiration from real fashion shows and design their clothes accordingly. HM depends on product orientation to bring designer clothes at a low price. It is suggested to launch footwear section for men and women as this can give them an extra edge over clothing (Ratnasingam, 2006). The market segmentation of HM is that to build strong relationship marketing in line with the different levels offered to the company. HM should mainly focus on psychographics segmentation catering the social class, personality variables and lifestyle maintained in different countries. The company should target mainly the younger generation who are fashion freak and whose taste and preferences changes according to the fashion updated in the country (Quinn and Dibb, 2010). C) Identify factors that will influence buyer behavior and propose a new positioning strategy for your organization and its newly developed product. The factors that will influence the buyer behavior are personal factors such as age, gender, lifestyle and income. Cultural factors involve language, beliefs, etc. Psychological factors involve perceptions and learning. Personal factors also play an important role because the company caters to youngsters. According to the new product conceptualized most commonly used products used by females are tall heels catered to working class women. Positioning should be done according to the perception and understanding level from consumers point of view (Ji et al., 2014). Task 3A) Using HM as your chosen company, explain how the new product was developed to achieve sustainable competitive advantage. HM developed its new product that is footwear in the market. It was necessary to anticipate such a change in the market to pose a tough competition to its competitor brands like Zara, Forever 21 etc because those brands only focused its production to the apparel segment. By developing this segment as their product line HM thought that they could reposition its sales. Therefore HM could sustain an extra advantage over its competitors. B) Evaluate a range of distribution methods that HM can use for the newly developed product to provide convenience to a target group of customers. Logistics and distribution channel plays an important role to get any product in the market. These channels act as an intermediary to the consumers and business. There can be direct distribution also where the producer directly supplies the product to the market. HM can employ a team in its production offices who can give inspiration for the updated clothing trends. HM must refine its distribution strategies and this can improve the flow of production. The retail stores are also located from geographic vicinity as well (Menzel, Harrysson and Ristinmaa, 2008). C)Discuss and critically evaluate the various pricing methods used by businesses and recommend pricing strategy that HM can use for the newly developed product. The different types of pricing strategies are as follows: Premium pricing: This indicates a price that is higher than the competitors. This is a good option to those companies who are penetrating a new market. Penetration pricing: this strategy is established to enter a market with a low price to attract customers and raise awareness about the brand. Economy pricing: This type of companies caters to a specific segment and is very price sensitive in approaching the market. Price Skimming: this strategy is used to get maximum revenue compared to its competitors. Psychological pricing: this strategy is used to establish their products in minds of its consumers. HM used Economy pricing strategy to bring and develop its new products in the market. Being a renounced brand name in UK, there was no need to enter any particular market as such and gain importance (Baule and Blonski, 2014). D) Explain the concept of integrated marketing communication and discuss the elements of promotional mix including extended the extended marketing mix as relevant to HM's newly developed product. Integrated Marketing Communication refers to combination of all the methods as how a brand can be developed to bring a product in the market among its target customers. In IMC, each and every aspect of marketing works together to maximize cost and level of production. We can also say that IMC is a strategic implementation tool which helps to provide clarity to the business (Cadogan, 2012). The promotional mix includes four elements: Advertising, Personal Selling, Sales Promotion and Public Relations. HM spends a lot of effort on promotional aspects that involves direct marketing and outdoor marketing as well. Advertising: HM can advertise its products through local newspapers, allowing discounts, through hoardings and billboards as well. The company can also go for online advertising in face book and twitter to bring the new product in the market. Personal Selling: The Company cannot go for this approach as products are based in te retail stores itself. Sales Promotion: HM can widely use this form of promotional mix. The company has come up with the idea of online shopping and they have created their own website also from where customers can buy the products and choose from the available variety as well. The extended marketing mix of HM is explained below: Product: HM is known for developing low priced products at a cheaper price. The company focuses on fashionable designs and also caters to designer wear clothes for its consumers. Its product line includes jeans T-shirts, fashion shirts, cardigans, jewelry, purses dresses etc. Price: HM is known to have developed economical pricing strategy to provide high quality products at a lower price. Place: The Company mainly operates in North America, Asia, and Europe. The company is headquartered in Sweden and it is trying to develop and expand its business. Promotion: HM uses mobile marketing and advertising through SMS. Company can broaden its location stores throughout USA. HM can also cater face book for promotion and other chat websites (Dominici, 2009). Task 4A) Evaluate the marketing mix variables for two segments of the consumer market and discuss how different it would be for business-to-business services (B2B). To answer the above question HM Denis jeans wear and footwear is considered to see how it varies with individual age and income. Price: HM uses price as a signal to reach different segments. The company offers high end fashion at a reasonable price so that customers those having lower budgets can buy stylish products. Individuals who have high income and low age will prefer colored jeans or Capris along with high heeled shoes but those with average income and aged people will prefer light colored denims and flat shoes. Product: HM understands the dynamic change in fashion. Therefore the company should be focused more on its design. Customers who are young will prefer new designs but old people will give preference to the quality (Mathieson, 2010). Place: HM understands that location is an important factor. Here age plays an important role. Young people are more use to internet so they can go for online shopping but working professionals and others will prefer for a shopping with family in the weekend and visit the retail stores. Promotion: There should be new offers and deals coming up in the market so that HM can cater to the younger generation. Business to Business involves activities that buy in small quantities and one person makes this decision and product prices are fixed. B) Assuming that HM decides to enter the international market with the newly developed product, examine and discuss the differences between domestic marketing and international marketing. Domestic market is a term that sells its product in own country. It is very easy for any company to launch a product in the market. On the contrary International marketing offers global view of the market and helps the company to capture more market share. This also helps to earn more revenues for the company (Newton, Powell and Duncan, 2008). Factors differentiating international market from domestic market are as followed in accordance to the company perspectives: Size: HM is a company that expanded internationally. The company has its business in Asia, Africa and North America as well. It deals with export business as well as foreign investments. Benefits: International businesses cater to entertain with more benefits compared to domestic businesses. HM was benefitted by way of earning foreign exchange and this led to more growth prospects and greater utilization of production services. Market Fluctuations: HM could withstand the marketing fluctuations by stabilizing their growth rate in accordance to current market situation. Operations: HM could expand its operations internationally by leveraging import and export of materials all over the world. Domestic market leads this type of expansion on a small scale. Technology: Global exposure to HM gave an international brand recognition which helped the company to sustain their growth and business at the same time (Special issue on international marketing, strategic orientations and business success, 2010). Conclusion: From the above assignment it can be concluded that HM did a lot of effort to accomplish its stability and growth all over the world. HM maintained a strong brand preference over the youngsters because of its economy based pricing with latest trend s in fashion. HM formed a strong brand recognition catering to have selective brand with a strong apparel line focusing more on its product line and how to develop it. 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